Injector



Patented Feb. 23, 1932 `UNITED STATES EDWARD 0. BENJAMIN, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY INaEcToR j Application mea may a. 1928. seriar no. 274,745.

My present invention is shown as embodied in an injector particularly adapted for use in connection with gas producer and burner apparatus such as disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application Ser. No. 264,411, filed March 24th, 1928, in connection with which thi's injector is illustrated.

In said co-pending application, the oil is injected into the'upper end of a retort or reaction chamber formed of a coil of pipe of sufficient length and volume to afford time fora complete development of the water gas reaction while being self draining so as to avoid trapping or accumulation of liquids. In this type of apparatus steam is generated by the same heat applied to the retort and preferably the water gas so produced, or a part thereof. is utilized in heating the retort and the boiler which is preferably located within the coil of the retort.

An important object ofthe invention is to provide a novel injector by means ofwhich steam may be utilized to inject oil and at the same time ensure atomizing and vaporization of the oil. In the injector of the'present invention, the steam is Asupplied in a surrounding sheet through an annular slot-like opening and oil is supplied from the center through an outwardly directed'annular slot from which it is carried away by the inner surface of the steam sheath. This insideout arrangement of the injector jets operates Vto keep the oilaway from immediate contact with the inner surface of the retort or of the injector nozzle. This'prevents accumulations'of carbon or 'coke in this region.

Another feature of the invention concerns means for varying the flow section of the annular passage through which the steam is' 40 directed, and means for adjusting the flow section of the outlet or outlets for oil.

` In a preferred form of the injector, the steam is supplied to a cylindrical chamber i communicating with one end of the injector nozzle.

section from the rear and then increases in internal cross section or tapers outwardly towards theforward end. The passage for the steam from the outer cylindrical chamber to This nozzle has a curved linner sur-y face and decreases rapidly 1n internal cross' the nozzle is controlled by a device inelud' ing a rearward member projectingl through the chamber from the side opposite the nozzle and having a reduced forward end shaped so as to produce with the opening at the rear end of the injector nozzle an annular sheet of steam `gradually decreasing in thickness toward the position of smallest diameter of the inner surface of the nozzle.l yHere oil which is supplied through the center' of said rearward member passes outwardlythrough passages between said member and a forwardly extending conical tip. This portion of the injector serves as an oil nozzle. By screwing the rea` member toward the `main nozzle, the flow section of said annular passage may be decreased. and the opposite result may be obtained by screwing such member in the opposite direction. Preferably the tip of said device is screwed into the for- I ward end of said member and by turning it in one direction or another the flow of oil into the stream of steam may be controlled.

The above, and other features of my invention may be more fully understood from the following description in connection With the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 ris a longitudinal section illustrating one embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a disassembled or exploded sectional view illustrating the inner adjustable parts of the injector; f Fig. 3 is a fragmentary seetional'view taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. l; and

v Fig. 4 is a sectional viewtaken along the line 4 4 of Fig. 2. f' l `My improved injector which is, so to speak, in-si'de-out as compared with an ordinary steam injector, includes a body portion 10 having a 'cylindrical chamber 11 into which steam is supplied through a 'passage or duct 12 and having an internally threaded cylindrical portion 13 axially positioned with respect tosaid chamber and adapted for connection with a tube 14 forming, for example, part of a-retort suchV as shown inisaid copending application. The yinjector `also includes a main nozzle 15 fitted into thev collar 13 and the end of the ytube 14 'and projecting rearwardly into the chamber 11.

dit

This nozzle has therein a passage of circul lar cross section de creasing in size rather rapidly from the inner end thereof to-a restricted 'or contracted portion and then increasing gradually towards its outer end. As shown in the longitudinal section of the nozzle in Fig. 1, this change takes place along a smooth curve. InA other words, the surface of the passage in the nozzle is a surface of revolution which may be considered as generated 1 by revolving the smooth curve, shown in the rear an internally threaded portion extend- 15 sectional view of FigT 1, about the axis of the nozzle. The body portion 10 has at its ing to the outside thereof and coaxially with the nozzle'. This internally threaded portion receives the threaded shank 4of ascrew plug or member 16 having a central inlet passage 17 through which oil is supplied to.

the j injector. j

At its forward-end, the member 16 is reduced to form a curved tapered surface of revolution 18, which cooperates with the inner surface of the passage in the nozzle to form an/'annular passage of gradually decreasing flow section of which the smallest flow section is located approximately at the forward end of said member 16. The member 16 also serves to support a tip 19 having a substantially conical outer surface and decreasing in size towards its forward end, the outer surfaces of the member 16 and the tip 19 forming with the inner surfaces of the nozzle 15 a passage which may -be considered toconstitute a Venturi tube of one dimension.

The connection between the tip 19 and the i member 16 is effected by means of a screw shank 2O extending rearwardly from the tipl 19 and screw threaded for engagement with `an internally threaded portion 2l in the forward end of the member 16. The shank 20 is provided with a longitudinal passage 22,

. .which communicates with the passage21 of the member 16 and also with passages 23 in the tip and extending radially from the axis of t-he tip 19 to a forwardly inclined surface 24 extending outwardly from the forward end of the shank and completely around the same.

At its forward end the passage 17 is flared outwardly and the conical internal surface 25 of this flared portion cooperates with the inclined surface 24 on the tip to provide an annular` passage 26 through which the oil may be projected outwardly across the surrounding sheet of steam from the cylindrical chamber 11. The steam moves through the constricted portion of the steam passage at relatively high velocity and fairly blows the oil away from the surfaces adjacent such outlet. As a result of this arrangement, theoil is so atomized and "blown into the end of the retort that, difficulties, such as those arising from the jacent surfaces, are avoided.

It will be evident that the flow section of the passage at the inlet of the nozzle and consequently the flow of steam may be adjusted by turning of the screw plug or member 16 by means of a wrench or spanner engaging the portion 16 thereof, Such adjustment may involve the loosening of the packing gland 27 holding packing 28 against the outside of the sleeve29 projecting rearwardly from the body portion 10 ofthe injector, and also after making the adjustment, the tightening of the gland and the consequent engagement thereof with the packing 28. It may also be necessary in making such adjustment to loosen the 'clamping member 30 forming a connection between the member 16 and a union tail 31 for a connection with the source of oil supply.

, It may also be desirable to adjust the tip 19 section of the passage 26 and consequently the v How of oil. j

The operation of the device is substantially as follows: Oil, preferably under pressure, is admitted through the passage 17 and the passage 22 and. flows outwardly through the passages 23 and the narrow annular passage 26 between the surface 24 on the tip 19 and the surface 25 in the reduced forward end of the screw plug 16. As the oilpasses out of this passage, it is engaged by a powerful stream of steam in a surrounding sheet or current and is atomized and blown forwardly with relatively great velocity so that there is very little opportunity for condensed oil to collect in the retort pipe 14, thus assuring the avoidance of the condition of having oil collect and cake on the inner surfaces of the nozzle and retort tube 14, thereby forming a coating or sheath on said surfaces.- In this connection, it should be noted that the concavity of the surface of revolution 18 is such that the steam blast acts most strongly substantially midway of the conical surface of the tip and inner surface of the nozzle 15.

It' should be understood that various changes in details of construction and arrangement may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. An oil injector havin an annular steam passage extending inwar ly and then forwardly and contracting and then expanding between inner, forwardly-converging surfaces and outer, coaxial'surfaces diverging outwardly and symmetrically away from said converging surfaces';to give a Venturi tube effect, means to supply oil through the inner surfaces of said passage substantially at its most contracted portion, andmeans for supplying steam to said annular passage to supply an annular blast of steam acting on said oil as supplied at the inner surface of Said passa e.

2. n oil injector having an annular steam passage formed by outer and inner surfaces extending inwardly and then forwardly and contracting by continuous, gradual curvature of both walls toward the axis of the injector and then expanding by forward outward divergence' of the outer -wall and by correlative forward inward convergence of the inner wall; to give a Venturi tube elfect, means to supply oil through the inner side of said passage substantially at its most contracted portion, meansfor'supplying steam to said annular passage to supply an annular blast of steam acting on said oil as supplied at the inner surface of said passageslightly in advance of where the outward divergence of the outer wall begins, and means acting at the inner surface of said passage for varying the feed of the oil to said passage. Y

3. An oil injector having an annular steam passage extending inwardly and then forwardly and contracting and then expanding between an outer annularly diverging wall and an inner conical wall to give a Venturi tube effect, means to supply oil through the inner side of -said passage substantially at the base of said'inner cone, means for supplying steam to said annular passa-ge to supply an annular blast of steam acting on said oil as supplied at the inner surface of said passage substantially at its most contracted annulus and slightly in advance of where the outward divergence of the outer wall begins, means to vary the flow section of the entrance end of the steam passage, and means acting at the 'inner surface of said passage for varying the feed of the oil to said passage.

l 4. An d oil injector comprising a steam chamber, a nozzle communicating at lts rear end with said chamber and having a central passage with a restricted portion near the rear end of the nozzle, said passage increasing rapidly in cross section from said constricted portion along a smooth curve toits rear end and gradually increasing in size toward the forward end, a conical tip in said nozzle with its large end at the restricted portion of said nozzle and providing with the inner surface of the'corresponding part of the nozzle an annular passage of gradually increasing iiow section, and a core to the rear of the tip having an oil inlet therethrough and cooperating with the rear of said tip to provide an outlet for the oil, and a reduced forward end tapered atv its outer face along a concave curve to cooperate with the outer end of the passage in the nozzle and direct steam from said chamber across said oil outlet and j toward the axis of said nozzle.

metrical with 'respect to an axis and having` Lits inner` surface inclined abruptly inwardly at its inner end, gradually curved forwardly until a point is reached where a tangent to a longitudinal section ,isy substantially parallel to the axis, and then tapered outwardly toward the outlet, a device projecting at its forward part into said nozzle and having a restricted portion with an outer surface curved to cooperate with the rear end of said nozzle to provide an annular driving fluid passage gradually decreasing in diameter and thickness to substantially the smallest portion of the passage in said nozzle and a tapered front portion decreasing in diameter toward its forward end, and means to supply oil through an annular slit located substantially in the decreasing diameter taper portion, whereby the oil tends to follow the taper toward the axis of the passage.

6. An oil injector comprising a body having a steam chamber, a nozzle in one side of said body *communicating with said steam chamber, a member threaded into said steam chamber at the side opposite the nozzle and in' alignment therewith, said member having an inlet passage for oil extendin to the rforward end thereof and having its orward end shapedy at the outside thereof to cooperate with the inner end of the nozzle to form the inlet of a steam passage receiving steam from said chamber and a conical tip having a rearwardly extending shank threaded into the forward end of the oil passage in said member to cooperate with the inside of said nozzle to form a continuation of said steam passage and cooperating at its rear with the forward end of said member to provide an oil outlet communicating with said steam passage at its inner surface and adapted for adfjustmentv of the flow section of said 'oil outlet by turning in one direction or the other.

7 An oil injector comprising a body hav-` ing a steam chamber, a nozzle in one side of said body communicating with said steam chamber, a member threaded into said steam i chamber at the side opposite the nozzle and in alignment therewith, said member having an inlet passage for oil extending'to the forward end thereof and having its forward end reduced at the outside thereof to cooperate with the inner end of the nozzle to form the inlet of a steam passage receiving steam from said chamber and a conical tipv having a rearwardly extending shank threaded into the forward end of the oil passage in said member to cooperatejwith the inside ofl said nozzle to form a continuation of said steam passage and cooperating at its rear with the forward end of said member to provide an oil outlet communicating with said steam passage at its inner surface and adapted for adj ustment of the flow section of such oil outlet byturning in one direction or the other, said shank having a longitudinal passage communicating with the oil passage in said member and passages extendingoutwardly from the longitudinal passage in said shankV to the oil outlet between said tip and the forward end of said member. j

8. In an oil injector a body having a steam chamber therein, a nozzle in said bod and communicating with said steam cham r, a member screwed into said body in alignment with ,said nozzle and projecting through the steam chamber to cooperate with said nozzle to form a steam passage, said member having an oil passage therethrough screw threaded at its forward end, and a conical tip adapted to cooperate with the forward end of said member to form a substantial continuation thereof and having a screw threaded shank threaded into the forward end of said oil passage in said member, said member and said tip cooperating to form an oil outlet and said tip having passages extending inwardly from said outlet and a longitudinal passage connecting with said passages inthe tip and communicating at its rear with the oil passage in-said member, and said shank having a screw slot inlits rear end so that the tip may be adjusted with respectto the member by use of a screw driver inserted through said duct in the member screwed into said body.

9. An oil injector comprising a body hav-. ing a steam chamber, anozzle in'one side of said body communicating with said steam chamber, a member threaded into said steam chamber at the side opposite the nozzle and in alignment therewith, said member having an inlet oil passage extending to and flared outwardly at the forward end thereof and having its forward end shaped at the outside thereof to cooperate with the inner end of the nozzle t-o formz the inlet of a steam passage receiving steam from said chamber and a conical tip having a shank of reduced size extending rearwardly from the shoulder formed by such reduction and threaded into the forward end of the oil passage in said member to cooperate with the inside of said l nozzle to form a continuationof said steam passageand cooperating at its rear with the flared opening at the forward end of said member to provide an oil passage communi eating with said steam passage at its inner surface and adapted for adjustment by turning it in one direction or another of the width of said oil outlet passage.

10. An oil injector comprising a body having a steam chamber, a nozzle in one side of said body communicating with said steam chamber, a member threaded into said steam Ufr chamber at the side opposite the nozzle and in alignment therewith, said member having an inlet oil aassage extending to the forward end thereof and having its forward end shaped at the outside thereof to cooperate with the inner end of the nozzle to form the inlet of a steam passage receiving steam from said chamber, and a conical tip having a i shank of reduced size extending rearwardly from a rearwardly and inwardly inclined 'shoul der and threaded into the forward end of the flow section of said oil outlet by turning in one direction or the other, said shank having a longitudinal passage communicating with the oil passage in said member and radial passages extending from the longitudinal passage in said shank to the oil outlet between said inclined shoulder and the for-. ward end of said member.

11. In an oil injector a body having a steam chamber therein, a nozzle in said body and communicating with said steam chamber, a member screwed into said body in alignment with said nozzle and projecting through the steam chamber to cooperate with said nozzle tol formithe vinlet of a steam passage, said member having an oilpassage extending axially therethrough and screw threaded near its forward end, and a conical tip adapted to cooperate with the forward end of said member to form a substantial continuation thereof and having a screw threaded shank of reduced size extending rearwardly from an inwardly and rearwardly inclined annular shoulder and threaded into the forward end of said oil passage in said member, said member having at its forward end a flared extension of said oil passage providing an outer edge to cooperate with the outer edge of said shoulder to form an outlet while .leaving a greater clearance at points farther having passages extending radially inwardly from said inclined shoulder and a longitudinal passage in the shank connecting with said passages in the tip and communicating at its rear with the oil passage in said member.

in and said tip 12. An oil injector having an annular steam passage contracting inwardly and forwardly and then expanding to give a Venturi tube suction effect, the inner wall of the converging portion inclining continuously to-vI steam-oil injector of the annular type, having' means for discharging the oil through the inner. surface of the annular venturi adjacent the throat thereof through an annular slit the outer wall of the venturi, beyond the slit,l

diverging away from the axis of the throat and the slope of the inner walls toward the axis of the tube being greater beyond said slit than in advance thereof, so as todirect the oil away from the walls of the retort and toward the axis thereof.

14. A retort tube in combination with a steam-oil injector of` the annular type, having means for discharging the oil through the inner surface of the annularventuri adjacent the throat thereof through an annular slit the outer Wallof the venturi, beyond the slit, diverging away from the axis of the throat and the inner Walls of the venturi having their convergence toward the axis of the retort predetermined and the location of the slit adjusted so as to direct the oi1 away from the Walls of the retort and toward the axis thereof. v

Signed at Chicago in the county of Cook, and State of Illinois this 28th day of April,

` EDWARD O. BENJAMIN. 

